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Computer Fundamentals & Programming

Computer Fundamentals

1. Introduction To Computer System
1.1. Introduction
Computer is most important device for this era. The computer technology has almost changed the world in short times. It becomes very essential tool in every walk of human life. The word computer is developed from the Latin word ‘coputare’ which means “To calculate or to compute”. Roughly we can say the machine which calculates is called a computer; but it is incomplete, In fact a computer is a programmable electronic calculating machine. It received data through it input devices, process it and produce output as our requirement with in a second. With help of computer technology a person can communicate to other people from one place to another place of the world through telephone, telex, fax, e-mail etc within a minute. A computer accepts data from an input device and processes it into useful information which it displays on its output device. It operates under the control of a set of instructions that is stored in its memory unit.
Definition of computer
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data; process it according to a set command and then gives results. In other words a computer is an electronic machine that is used for data processing to produce information. With viewpoints of this definition computer is said to be
Electronic calculating machine, Programmable machine, Data processing device, Networking device, Automatic system etc...
The computer has following basic system and components devices to process data and gets the output. It has optional components too.
A) System device
i) Input device - keyboard, mouse
ii) Processing device – Central Processing Unit (CPU)
iii) Output device – Monitor and Printer
CPU Consists motherboard, hard disk, floppy disk drive, sound card, power supply, modem, etc.

B) Basic and optional component device

(i)
Basic Components
Capacity & functions

1
Processor
- 600 MHz, 1200 MHz, 1700 MHz

2.
Hard Disk
- 40 GB, 100 GB, 160 GB, 200 GB, 2000 GB

3
RAM
- 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1GB, 2GB

4
Display /Video Card
- 64 MB, 128MB, 512 MB, 1 GB

5
Keyboard
- 84 keys , 104 Keys, 124 Keys

6.
Hard disk drive
- reads, writes on HD

7
Floppy disk drive
- reads, writes on floppy

8
CD-ROM/DVD drive
- reads, writes on CD-ROM, DVD-ROM

9
Mouse
- pointing & clicking device

10
Monitor
- Displaying device



A complete basic components set of these devices is called a computer. Computer may have optional devices too.

ii)
Optional Components
Capacity & functions

1
Printer
450ch/sec, 1-18 Pg/min, 4-24 Pg/min

2
Scanner
Flat bed type & Handheld type

3
DVD drive
Reads/writes on DVD

4.
Zip drive
Reads/writes on Zip disk